証券外務員二種の計算問題ってどうやって勉強すれば良いの？公式の覚え方のテクニック的なところも知りたいな。
証券外務員二種の合格のために最重要なのが、計算問題の攻略と言われています。
なぜなら、計算問題はそのほとんどが得点が高い5択問題に出題されるので、点数効率が良いからです。
金融知識が全くない状態で証券会社に入社した私ですが、そこから約3週間の独学で証券外務員二種に合格しました。
この記事では、計算問題を攻略するための勉強方法を、公式の覚え方などのテクニックを交えながら紹介していきます。
この記事を読めば、苦手な計算問題を昨日よりも少しだけ楽に解けるようになるはずです。
証券外務員二種の計算問題の攻略法【公式の簡単な覚え方】
僕が独自に使っていた計算問題の攻略法を3つ紹介していきます。
- 財務諸表
- 債権の利回り
- パリティ価格・乖離率
財務諸表の計算問題
財務諸表の計算っていっぱい公式があって、全部覚えてられないですよね。
- 流動比率＝流動資産/流動負債×100
- 当座比率＝当座資産/流動負債×100
- 固定比率＝固定資産/自己資本×100
- 固定長期適合率＝固定資産/（固定負債＋自己資本）×100
- 負債比率＝（流動負債＋固定負債）/自己資本×100
これらの公式を全て暗記したいですか？楽な方法があれば知りたいですよね。
図を使うことで、公式を覚えなくて済む
私は下の図を使って覚えました。
図は自分で即席で作ることができ、作り方は以下の通りです。
- 基本的な貸借対照表を書きます。（これがベースとなります。）
- 資産の部は流動資産（当座資産）と固定資産、負債の部は流動負債と固定負債に分ける。
- 流動資産と流動負債の間に斜め線、固定資産と固定負債の間に斜め線、固定負債と自己資本の間に斜め線を入れる。
これで図が完成。
ここからが大事なのですが、斜めに線を引っ張っているのは分数の意味です。
そうするとこんな感じで公式が見えてきます。
- 当座比率＝当座資産/流動負債
- 固定比率＝固定資産/自己資本
- 固定長期適合率は固定比率の分母に固定負債を足せばいいだけ
- 負債比率＝流動負債＋固定負債/自己資本
図を書くことができれば、公式は図を見て思い出せるので、この方法はかなり有効であるはずです。
債券の利回り問題
債権の利回りは以下の3種類の公式が存在しています。
- 応募者利回り（％）＝｛利率＋（額面価格ー発行価格）÷償還年数｝÷発行価格×100
- 最終利回り（％）＝｛利率＋（償還価格ー買付価格）÷残存年数｝÷買付価格×100
- 所有期間利回り（％）＝[｛利率＋（売却価格ー購入価格）÷所有年数｝÷購入価格]×100
一見3種類の公式のように見えますが、実は1種類覚えてしまえば他の2つは覚えなくても大丈夫です。
手間が1/3ですね！
どういうことなのか説明していきます。
式の構造だけ覚える
実はこの3つの公式、入っている文言が違うだけで構造は同じです。
債権利回り（％）＝｛利率＋（売った時の価格ー買った時の価格）÷債権の残りの年数｝÷買った時の価格×100
例えば、「売った時の価格」が「額面価格」「償還価格」「売却価格」という言葉になっているだけで、本質は同じ意味です。
「買った時の金額」も同じこと。
「発行価格」「買付価格」「購入価格」という言葉だけ違って、本質は同じ。
だから、債権の利回りの計算のイメージとして
債権利回り（％）＝｛利率＋（売った時の価格ー買った時の価格）÷債権の残りの年数｝÷買った時の価格×100
この式さえ覚えておけば、どんな場合でも対応できます。
パリティ価格と乖離率
パリティ価格と乖離率の公式が覚えられずに苦労する人が多いようです。
- パリティ価格＝株価／転換価額 × 100
- 乖離率＝転換社債の時価 － パリティ価格／パリティ価格 × 100
公式の頭文字を取って、「パかて」（①パリティ＝②株価/③転換価額×100）と無理やり覚えました。
乖離率も「転パパ」（乖離率＝転換社債の時価 － パリティ価格／パリティ価格 × 100）と覚えました。
ここだけ泥臭いですが、力技も時には必要です。。。
計算問題は得点に直結している
この記事では、計算問題の攻略法を紹介してきました。
計算問題は配点比率の高い5択問題に出題されることが多いので、しっかり対策をすることで得点力アップに直結します。
この記事で紹介した攻略法もそうなのですが、まずは問題になれることが重要です。
そのために必要なのが、良質な問題集。
オススメの参考書はこの2種類（3冊）。
攻略法を駆使しつつ、問題を解きまくって、計算問題をマスターしていきましょう！
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